Search results for: 'recombinant'

Protein Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Topic: -Any- General Questions KRAS FAQ Search: How do I thaw recombinant proteins? Thaw on ice and gently mix prior to use. DO NOT VORTEX. Perform a quick spin before opening the tube. Avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Enzymes are particularly sensitive to freeze/thaw and may lose some activity if thawed again. When proteins are diluted to perform an assay do not freeze and re-use the diluted protein. ...

Methods For Drug Discovery   Immunotherapies  based on targeting the  PD-1:PD-L1  immune checkpoint pathway are having clinical impact and are giving new hope to cancer patients. However, positive response to treatment is not guaranteed and resistance remains a concern. Improving outcomes based on immunotherapy requires multiple approaches for manipulating the complexities of the immune system and tumor microenvironment. To meet these challenges, a series of r...

Bioactive Proteins & Enzymes BPS Bioscience specializes in manufacturing bioactive enzymes and protein complexes, offering over 2000 protein products critical for drug discovery. We feature a large selection of epigenetic and metabolic enzymes, kinases and other cell signaling proteins, as well as cancer-related proteins and their mutants, including KRAS, PARP proteins, and immune checkpoint molecules.  Contact us to learn how our products and services can help you reach your resea...

Neuroscience Neuroscience research is making strides towards solutions for CNS-related disorders. By exploring the structure, function, and development of the central nervous system (CNS), neuroscience provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying how our brains function. This knowledge is essential for advancing our comprehension of neurological disorders, mental health conditions, brain malignancies, and brain-related inj...

PRMT5/MEP50 Methylation Comparing Methylation Patterns of Recombinant PRMTs:  Abnormal PRMT5/MEP50 Methylation PRMTs – Roles & Mechanisms Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 ( PRMT5 ) is a critical regulatory protein linked to genome organization, cell cycle regulation, and stem cell differentiation 1 . It forms an active complex with MEP50 and transfers methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to histone proteins, transcription factors, and other regula...

New Customer Discount Program Make the most out of your first order with us. Place your first order with us as a new customer and get up to a 50% discount . Some restrictions apply. Terms For new US customers only. 10% discount  on Assay Kits , Lentiviruses , and Cell Lines . 30% discount  on ONE-Step™ Luciferase Assay System ( #60690 ), TWO-Step Luciferase (Firefly & Renilla) Assay System ( #60683 ), Western EC...

AAV Tools Graham Beards’ Own work CC BY-SA 4.0 Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) is a small dependoparvovirus which was initially discovered as a contaminant in adenovirus preparations. AAVs are non-enveloped and consist of an icosahedral capsid containing a short, single-stranded DNA genome flanked by two Inverted Terminal Repeat sequences (ITRs). AAVs are replication-defective, non-pathogenic, and h...

CD19 Research Products CD19, a cell surface protein specific to B cells, has emerged as an effective immunotherapy target to treat B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. By leveraging monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and NK cells, or bispecific T cell/NK cell engagers (BiTEs/BiKEs), CD19-directed immunotherapies aim to selectively eliminate CD19-expressing cells. In cancer, these ther...

In Vitro Toxicity Research Solutions In vitro toxicity testing plays a critical role in drug development by enabling early and efficient identification of potential safety concerns, reducing reliance on animal testing, and supporting regulatory requirements for drug approval. In vitro toxicity testing plays a critical role in drug development by enabling early and efficient identification of potential safety concern...

IDO/TDO Screening Services BPS offers biochemical and cell-based IDO/TDO screening services which can effectively accelerate your research and drug discovery programs. With all screening and profiling services, we provide a comprehensive (>10 page) report with both raw and analyzed data, graphs, detailed protocols, etc. Trust us to provide you with high quality data with fast turnaround time. Our team of experts along with our broad services portfolio makes it easy...

IgG Antibodies and Fcγ Receptors in Immunotherapy IgG Antibodies and Fcγ Receptors in Immunotherapy Monoclonal, immunoglobulin G (IgG), antibodies are the basis of powerful therapies for treating cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune disease.  The power of therapeutic antibodies comes from their ability to bind antigen targets with high specificity and then harness the functions of the larger the immune system.  There are a variety of immune responses. Cytotoxic anti...

Proteases as Targets for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment Researchers have shown that proteases are actively used by SARS-CoV-2 for it’s entry and replication into human cells. To support research on this topic, BPS Bioscience provides a range of screening kits to identify inhibitory compounds directed against these human and viral proteases. SARS-CoV-2’s mechanism of entry and replication into human cells is now well known and described by the scientific community. The penetration steps can be d...

Mechanism of JAK-STAT Signaling in Cancer Cell Signaling Pathways Understanding cell to cell communication through cytokines and other secreted factors is at the center of daily life for countless pharmaceutical researchers.  This is because cytokine-based communication is central to normal development and is often a dysfunctional step in cancer and autoimmune diseases ( 1, 2 ).  It is also of increasing importance because cytokine release syndrome is a leading caus...

Diabetes & Obesity Breakthrough treatments for diabetes and obesity aim to stem the rising epidemic of complications and deaths directly attributed to these conditions. Diabetes and obesity are two interconnected health conditions that pose significant global challenges. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, resulting from either insufficient insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or ineffective utili...

Targeted Protein Degradation Targeted protein degradation strategies have invigorated drug development, enabling therapies for targets previously deemed “undruggable.” Targeted protein degradation strategies have invigorated drug development, enabling therapies for targets previously deemed “undruggable.” Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a cutting-edge approach in drug discovery that aims to selectively remove disease-causing prote...

Frequently Asked Questions BPS Bioscience is here to answer your questions and provide project guidance. On the following pages, we outline some of the most frequently asked questions separated by product type. If your question is not answered through these resources, please contact us today and we are happy to assist.  Proteins Cell Lines Assay Kits ...

SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus & COVID-19 There are seven known human coronaviruses , including the novel SARS-CoV-2. Four of these strains cause only mild respiratory symptoms; however, coronaviruses became notorious after outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. The SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) coronavirus, first identified in late 2019, causes severe pneumonia and respiratory infection (COVID-19).  The S...

Cell Line Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Search: Custom Cell Line Development Generate stable cell lines for protein overexpression, mutations or gene knock-out. The development process involves pre-defined milestones with data provided at the completion of each milestone. Each project is customized. Learn more How should I store the cells? Cells are shipped in dry ice, and upon receipt should immediately be thawed for culture...

TIGIT, CD155, & CD226   Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapies It’s possible someone you know has benefited from cancer treatments based on checkpoint receptors.  Therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathways have already added years to the lives of lucky patients. Unfortunately, not everyone responds to these treatments.  This resistance drives the search for new therapies to extend the successes of existing PD-1 and CTLA-4-based treatme...

Custom Biochemical Assay Development BPS Bioscience has the capability to develop robust biochemical assays using our portfolio of assay technologies. Our biochemical assay development services enable you to generate an appropriate assay which is suitable for screening and evaluating your target of interest. Our cross-functional team of scientists can also work closely with you to develop assays for compound library screening as well as for secondary screening support. ...

Targeting BCMA in Mutliple Myeloma Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is the second most commonly diagnosed blood cancer, after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Multiple myeloma is a cancer in which immortalized plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, causing severe pain, anemia, and kidney failure. Multiple myeloma was once considered universally fatal. Improved diagnostic methods and innovative treatments are improving patient outcomes. Still, nearly all patients eventually relapse a...

DNA Damage Repair DNA damage repair (DDR) processes are critical for maintaining healthy cells, while potentially serving as promising targets for inducing synthetic lethality in cancer cells. DNA damage, resulting in base mismatches, bulky adducts, cross-links, single strand breaks, or double strand breaks, can occur from a variety of exogenous and endogenous mechanisms. In response to such DNA damage, mammalian cells emp...

VSV Tools VSV (Vesicular stomatitis virus) is an enveloped, negative-stranded RNA virus with a simple structure. Its ability to infect a wide range of mammalian cell types has made VSV a valuable tool to study virus entry, replication, and assembly. The glycoprotein of VSV (termed VSV-G), which binds to the LDL-receptor (low-density lipoprotein receptor), is responsible for the attachment and entry of VSV into a susceptible host cell. The VSV-G glycoprotein can be deleted from the VSV (V...

BTLA Screening Services B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator, or BTLA, is a human protein which inhibits T cell activation. BTLA is expressed by cytotoxic T cells (CTL), which are T lymphocytes that are able to kill foreign pathogens, viral-infected cells, and cancer cells. BTLA binding to its ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), results in inhibition of CTL activation. Certain cancers are able to evade the immune system by taking advantage of this inhibitory pathway.   In th...

GLP-1R and Diabetes GLP-1R Structure and Function Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a member of the Class B GPCR family (1) .  Human GLP-1R comprises 463 amino acids, including seven transmembrane domains and an N-terminal signal peptide that is cleaved upon delivery to the plasma membrane (2) . The hallmark structural feature of GLP-1R and other Class B GPCRs is a large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD). Class B GPCRs typically bind their peptide ligands through...

Bispecific Antibodies & BiTE® (Bispecific T-Cell Engager) Services   CD3/CD19 BiTE® - Mechanism of Action The CD3/CD19 BiTE® is a biopharmaceutical drug known as a Bi-specific T-cell engager for a second-line treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It binds to CD19 on cancer cells (e.g. Raji cells) and CD3 on T cells simultaneously, thus bringing T lymphocytes closer to cancer cells expressing specific cancer ...

ADC and Antibody-Based Cancer Therapies Antibody-based therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and multi-specific T cell engager molecules, provide a targeted approach to treating cancers. Antibody-based therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and multi-specific T cell engager molecules, provide a targeted approach to treating cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, which are laboratory-produced molecules that bind to a specif...

Protein Binding Studies / BLI Detection Services Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) is a powerful analytical technique for studying biomolecular interactions. BLI measures changes in interference patterns of light reflected from a biosensor tip, which is typically coated with a layer of molecules relevant to the study. As biomolecules bind to or dissociate from the biosensor surface, the interference patterns change, providing real-time data on the kinetics and affinity of these int...

Unique and Featured Products Serving Up Discovery with Inhibitor Screening & Profiling Services View Services ...

Custom Protein Production Cloning   Expression & Purification Activity Testing Bulk Production   With BPS Bioscience's custom protein development services, we use optimized conditions to generate recombinant proteins with high purity and high yields. Projects are composed of five milestones where data is provided after each milestone completion. Each project is customizable through working directl...

PROTACs ® & Protein Degradation Services BPS Bioscience is a leading product manufacturer and service provider in the PROTAC space. Using our services, we can design and conduct homogeneous proximity assays to assess the chemical adaptor function of PROTACs. Targeted protein degradation using Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras, or PROTAC®, is a new and promising therapeutic method in drug discovery. PROTACs have the ability to regulate protein degradation through targeted contro...

Bispecific Antibodies & BiTE® (Bispecific T-Cell Engager) Clinical & Therapeutic Research An antibody (Ab) containing two different antigen-binding sites within one molecule is known as a bispecific antibody (BsAb).  BsAb research has expanded greatly within the past ten years. To date, two BsAbs,  Blinatumomab   and Emicizumab, have been approved in the US and the EU, while a third BsAb, Catumaxomab, is already commercially available in the EU. Additionally, th...

Small Molecule Cancer Therapy Targets For some cancers, small molecules that disrupt, inhibit, or agonize target protein function may be the best therapeutic option. Indeed, many new targeted therapeutics are now approved together with companion diagnostics to identify patient populations most likely to benefit from the new treatment. For some cancers, small molecules that disrupt, inhibit, or agonize target protein function may be the best therapeutic...

Natural Killer Cells Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes involved in the innate immune system that respond to infected cells and tumor cells, limiting these pathologies. They are now considered potential tools for adoptive cell therapies. Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes involved in the innate immune system that respond to infected cells and tumor cells, limiting these pathologies. They are now considered potential tools for adoptive cel...

CAR-T Cell Therapy Engineering T cells using a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to boost specific immune cell killing has made significant progress in the treatment of some cancer types. CAR-T cell therapy may also have potential benefits beyond cancer treatment, including treatments for infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, lupus, and arthritis. Companies are also investigating CAR-T cell therapy in organ transplantation to eliminate the n...

CAR-T Cell Therapy Engineering T cells using a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to boost specific immune cell killing has made significant progress in the treatment of some cancer types. CAR-T cell therapy may also have potential benefits beyond cancer treatment, including treatments for infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, lupus, and arthritis. Companies are also investigating CAR-T cell therapy in organ transplantation to eliminate the n...

Enzymatic Biotinylation & BirA Biotin is a small, water soluble molecule of the vitamin B family. The most attractive property of biotin, from a biotechnological standpoint, is that it binds to avidin and to bacteria-derived streptavidin with an exceptionally high affinity and high specificity. Indeed, the binding of biotin and avidin is among the strongest noncovalent interaction known (dissociation constant in the range of 10 −14  M to 10 −15  M).  ...

Immune Checkpoint Molecules Immune checkpoint molecules are crucial components of the immune system that regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses but have been usurped by cancer cells and pathogens to evade the immune system. Immune checkpoint molecules are crucial components of the immune system that regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses but have been usurped by cancer cells and pathogens...

CAR T-Cell Therapy Overview CAR-T is a cross of immunotherapy, gene therapy, and cellular therapy. Many successful immunotherapies are based on checkpoint inhibitors that block the mechanisms tumor cells use to hide from T cells. CAR-T immunotherapies go one step further by engineering T cells to enhance the immune response against a specific tumor antigen. CAR-T is a promising approach for cancer and other diseases, especially severe cancers that do not respond well to othe...

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the globe effectively at a rapid pace causing a worldwide pandemic. Infection with this highly contagious respiratory virus can be asymptomatic or present as COVID-19, a disease with varying degrees of severity. Clinical symptoms may include fever, dry cough, anosmia, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypercoagulability, hyperimmune response (cytokine storm), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with disease progression (1). Patie...

LAG3 as a Cotherapy for Immune Checkpoints Cotherapy with PD-1 Therapeutic antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and CTLA4 substantially changed the prognosis for many cancer patients.  When successful, these treatments extend lives.  Still, cancer is relentless.  Only a relatively small number of patients respond or have substantial remission when these treatments are used as monotherapies.  Much of the current research on immunomodulating r...

SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Proteins & ORF9b Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus that interacts with host cells via a protruding protein called Spike , and fuses with the cellular membrane to inject its genome into the cell. The SARS family of coronaviruses contain a large single stranded RNA genome of about 30 kb with both unique and conserved features compared to other coronaviruses [1]. The presence of a 5′ methylated cap and a 3′ poly-adenylated tail allows the posit...

A2aR & Immunotherapy The great need for treatments and the promise of cures are driving the search for second-generation immunotherapies beyond therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-1 and CTLA4 pathways.  Immunotherapies are not limited to just therapeutic antibodies .  Small-molecule inhibitors are showing great promise in clinical trials.  For example, inhibitors targeting the enzymatic pathways, such as tryptophan catabolism are in late-phase clinical develop...

Lentiviruses for SARS-CoV-2 Research To understand the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, it is essential to study how Spike proteins interact with the ACE2 receptor. However, such studies are hampered by the danger of producing and manipulating live coronavirus. A safer alternative to using live coronavirus is to use recombinant lentivirus pseudotyped with the coronavirus S protein. The Spike pseudotyped lentivirus includes a luciferase reporter, allowing the monitoring of viral entry into...

Combining Therapies for Targeting Immune Checkpoints   |  IMMUNE CHECKPOINTS  |           |  KINASES  |                |  PARPS  |              |  HDACS  |               |  CAR T-CELL THERAPY  | Cancer is a balance between the defens...

Coronavirus Services Biochemical Screening Cell-Based Services Cell Lines /CRISPR Protein Binding Studies/BLI BPS Bioscience has developed innovative proteins , cell lines , lentiviruses , and assay kits , to enable a wide range of preclinical activities for investigating potential COVID-19 antiviral drugs. These kits and services aim to rapidly advance drugs into the clinic by screening for compounds that prevent the ...

Citations   This page contains a list of scientific journal articles that have cited BPS products and services since 2013. We would like to congratulate all our loyal customers on their contributions to the scientific community. Our customers are truly amazing and dedicated scientists and this is evidenced by the outstanding research they are doing.  Search By Product Name or Catalog Number Name Title 10X HAT Assay Buffer (50095...

The Power of Lentiviruses in Cell Engineering Introduction The ability to manipulate nucleic acids has been a key discovery that has driven research, and ultimately clinical applications, forward. It opened the door to study the impact of mutations in cellular models, dissect pathways, generate recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies, and is the basis of gene and cell therapy, continuing to lead to new discoveries and cure patients every day. The methods used to ...

TR-FRET Assays Simplify and Accelerate Drug Discovery Introduction Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) is a powerful technique commonly used to analyze the binding of two interacting molecules. Since most biological responses involve an interaction between at least two partners, TR-FRET is well suited to study a wide range of events, including many that characterize cellular signaling pathways. Possible applications are limitless: interaction ...

Assay Kit Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Topic: -Any- General Technical Questions IC50 Questions Fluorescence Polarization AlphaLISA® TR-FRET Luminescence FAQ Search: Do ...

HVEM, LIGHT & BTLA: New Immunotherapy Target The checkpoint receptors  HVEM ,  LIGHT ,  CD160 , and  BTLA  are part of a complex network of overlapping receptor interactions that function in both immune stimulation and suppression 1 ,  2  .  This regulatory function has made them therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergies, and for improved methods of organ transplants.  While presenting opportunities for...

Emerging Therapeutic Approaches Against RAS Cancer Mutations Introduction RAS (rat sarcoma virus) proteins are small GTPases involved in signal transduction as part of the RAS/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway and are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. There are three human RAS genes: KRAS (Kristen rat sarcoma virus), HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma virus) and NRAS (neuroblastoma rat sarcoma virus). The KRAS gene encodes two isoforms, KRAS-4B and KRAS-4A, but due t...

Viral Tools Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Topic: -Any- General Lentiviruses AAVs FAQ Search: How should I store the viral particles (lentivirus, AAV or VSV) that I just rec...

Claudin-18: A Therapeutic Target in Oncology Claudins, a family of small tetraspan proteins expressed in a tissue or cell-specific manner, are major components of the multimeric protein architecture of tight junctions, which prevent ions or small molecules from passing freely between epithelial or endothelial cells. These proteins contain four transmembrane domains mainly responsible for interacting side-to-side with neighboring proteins. Two extracellular loops regulate p...

The Promise of NK Cell Therapeutics Introduction NK cells are the first line of defense against cancer and have been in the spotlight as a cancer therapy in the last decade. Their advantages versus T cells, such as their safety profile and not requiring MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)-antigen stimulation to become cytotoxic, have made NK cells attractive. However, as with T cells, the TME (tumor microenvironment) can suppress their activity, and infiltration into solid tumors is s...

PARP Assays Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins play a crucial role in DNA repair mechanisms within cells. These enzymes are involved in the repair of single-strand DNA breaks through the base excision repair pathway. Inhibition of PARP proteins has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer therapy, particularly in tumors with defective DNA repair mechanisms, such as those with BRCA mutations. When PARP is inhibited, it prevents the repair of single-strand breaks, leading to th...

CRISPR Services  CRISPR-Cas9 is a technique used for genome editing that is adapted from the bacteria’s antiviral immune response. Bacteria capture and store DNA fragments from invading viruses within a region of their genome, and these CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) guide sequences help detect and protect the bacteria from future infections. When the CRISPR guide sequences detect an invading virus or DNA whose sequence is complementary to the CR...

Setting a Trap for PARP1 and PARP2 Summary PARP1 and PARP2 operate in DNA damage response (DDR) by sensing single breaks in DNA and by recruiting the repair machinery through poly-ADP ribosylation of histones and other proteins. PARP inhibitors are cytotoxic to cancer cells deficient in repair pathways that are complementary to PARP pathways, and it has been shown that some of these inhibitors act by trapping PARP1/2 onto the DNA, preventing repair and leading to cell death. Thus, DNA tra...

Cellular PARylation: From Inquiry to Insight in Drug Discovery Summary Inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) have been game-changing in cancer therapy, demonstrating the potential efficacy of synthetic lethal drugs targeting complementary pathways within the DNA damage response network. However, the evaluation of poly-ADP-ribosylation in intact cells is difficult, slowing the development of candidate drugs. BPS Bioscience’s LysA™ Universal PARylation Assay Kit quantifies...