Methyltransferase

 

Methyltransferases are enzymes that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to their substrates.DNA methyltransferases modify DNA by adding a methyl group to cytosines. DNA methylation of CpG dinucleotides suppresses gene expression and is critical for transcriptional silencing during imprinting, X-inactivation and other developmental processes. DNA methylation also plays a crucial role in the development of nearly all types of cancer.

Methyltransferases can also modify proteins; histone methyltransferases methylate lysines and arginines on histone side chains. Lysines may be mono-, di-, or trimethylated and arginines may be mono-, symmetrically or asymmetrically dimethylated. Each of these different ‘flavors’ of methylation can result in different chromatin conformations and gene expression levels.

 
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