Search results for: 'nk cells'

Natural Killer Cells Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes involved in the innate immune system that respond to infected cells and tumor cells, limiting these pathologies. They are now considered potential tools for adoptive cell therapies. Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes involved in the innate immune system that respond to infected cells and tumor cells, limiting these pathologies. They are now considered potential tools for adoptive cel...

The Promise of NK Cell Therapeutics Introduction NK cells are the first line of defense against cancer and have been in the spotlight as a cancer therapy in the last decade. Their advantages versus T cells, such as their safety profile and not requiring MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)-antigen stimulation to become cytotoxic, have made NK cells attractive. However, as with T cells, the TME (tumor microenvironment) can suppress their activity, and infiltration into solid tumors is s...

Cell Cytotoxicity Screening & Profiling Services Small Molecule Cell Cytotoxicity Assays Understanding cell cytotoxicity, either as a result of targeted therapy or as a side effect, is important in drug development. Our expert scientists can help determine effective dose curves for your molecules of interest in whole cell assays, whether they are small molecules or biologics, including antibody drug conjugates. Over 30 different tumor cell lines are availabl...

Cell Isolation Kits Our cell isolation kits allow for fast, simple, and efficient isolation of specific immune cell subsets. Optimized for the isolation of cells from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), our kits use magnetic bead: antibody complexes to separate target antigen-expressing cells from heterogeneous cell populations. For positive selection kits, cells are incubated with the antibody:bead complexes and then p...

CAR-T Cell Therapy Engineering T cells using a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to boost specific immune cell killing has made significant progress in the treatment of some cancer types. CAR-T cell therapy may also have potential benefits beyond cancer treatment, including treatments for infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, lupus, and arthritis. Companies are also investigating CAR-T cell therapy in organ transplantation to eliminate the n...

Immunotherapy Cell-Based Screening Services Development of immunotherapies is becoming more prevalent for treatment of diseases, such as cancer, infections, and autoimmune disorders. While biochemical assays can clearly identify inhibitors of protein-protein interactions or protein activity, cell-based assays can provide additional insight in the context of live cells. We offer rapid and dependable cell-based assay screening services to find compounds...

Technical Notes and Application Notes Immunotherapy | Cancer Targets | CAR-T/NK Cell Therapy | Gene & Cell Therapy | Cell Culture | RNA Editing | Cancer Pathways | CRISPR/Cas9 | Cell Receptor Targets | Ubiquitination | Protein Conjugation | Technology | Cholesterol Pathways | SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Immunotherapy OX40 Signaling and Its Implications for Immunotherapy TL1A:DR3 - A Pathway for Immunomodulation Therape...

Cancer & Immunotherapy Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment by unleashing the power of the body’s immune system against tumors. Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment by unleashing the power of the body’s immune system against tumors. Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It can affect virtually any tissue or organ in the body and may manifest as...

Ubiquitination and CBL Introduction Ubiquitination is a process that involves the covalent binding of a 76 amino acid protein called ubiquitin to a target protein. This process is crucial for cellular homeostasis, regulating many cellular processes such as protein degradation, DNA repair, and cell signaling. Ubiquitination is a multistep process mediated by a group of enzymes known as ubiquitin ligases. Gain or loss of function of any of these enzymes can lead to impaired cellular functio...

CD19 Research Products CD19, a cell surface protein specific to B cells, has emerged as an effective immunotherapy target to treat B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. By leveraging monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and NK cells, or bispecific T cell/NK cell engagers (BiTEs/BiKEs), CD19-directed immunotherapies aim to selectively eliminate CD19-expressing cells. In cancer, these ther...

TIGIT, CD155, & CD226   Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapies It’s possible someone you know has benefited from cancer treatments based on checkpoint receptors.  Therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathways have already added years to the lives of lucky patients. Unfortunately, not everyone responds to these treatments.  This resistance drives the search for new therapies to extend the successes of existing PD-1 and CTLA-4-based treatme...

A2aR & Immunotherapy The great need for treatments and the promise of cures are driving the search for second-generation immunotherapies beyond therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-1 and CTLA4 pathways.  Immunotherapies are not limited to just therapeutic antibodies .  Small-molecule inhibitors are showing great promise in clinical trials.  For example, inhibitors targeting the enzymatic pathways, such as tryptophan catabolism are in late-phase clinical develop...

Siglecs & Immunotherapy BPS has released a number of Siglec proteins and stable cell lines for studying immune-oncology and immune regulation . Cells of the immune system express a multitude of complex glycans on their surfaces, making them highly recognizable by diverse glycan-binding proteins. Siglecs (Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are type I transmembrane proteins that bind to glycans containing sialic acid. These highly polymorphic proteins have very dist...

Immune Checkpoint Molecules Immune checkpoint molecules are crucial components of the immune system that regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses but have been usurped by cancer cells and pathogens to evade the immune system. Immune checkpoint molecules are crucial components of the immune system that regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses but have been usurped by cancer cells and pathogens...

CD39 & CD73: Adenosine Signaling Therapeutic antibodies targeting checkpoint receptors such as PD-1 and CTLA4 are giving new hope to cancer patients. However, not all patients respond to treatment and the search for effective co-therapies is driving substantial research. Two critical enzymes of this pathway, CD39 and CD73 , are promising targets for increasing the effectiveness of checkpoint-based immunotherapies. 1 The hydrolysis of extracellular  ATP  to AMP is...

CD73 Screening Services CD73, or cluster of differentiation 73, is an enzyme which hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine. Increased concentrations of adenosine in the microenvironment has an immunosuppressive effect and promotes tumor cell growth. Adenosine can enhance tumor growth via two mechanisms – 1) binding of adenosine to A2A and A2B receptors expressed on tumor cells directly promotes tumor cell proliferation and 2) binding of adenosine to A2A and A2B receptors on immune cells su...

CD39 Screening Services Cluster of differentiation 39, (CD39), is a cell surface enzyme that is highly expressed on regulatory T cells and plays an important role in modulating immune cell function. CD39 hydrolyzes ATP to ADP which can subsequently be hydrolyzed by CD73 to adenosine..  Adenosine can enhance tumor growth via two mechanisms – 1) binding of adenosine to A2A and A2B receptors expressed on tumor cells directly promotes tumor cell proliferation and 2) binding ...

IgG Antibodies and Fcγ Receptors in Immunotherapy IgG Antibodies and Fcγ Receptors in Immunotherapy Monoclonal, immunoglobulin G (IgG), antibodies are the basis of powerful therapies for treating cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune disease.  The power of therapeutic antibodies comes from their ability to bind antigen targets with high specificity and then harness the functions of the larger the immune system.  There are a variety of immune responses. Cytotoxic anti...

COX1 & COX2 Screening Services Prostanoids are signaling molecules which mediate inflammation and vasoconstriction. These signaling molecules are formed through the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Two COX isoforms exist, COX1 and COX2. COX1 helps to produce mucus lining for the stomach and is also expressed in a variety of other tissue types. Meanwhile, COX2 expression is generally restricted to inflamed cells and works to upregulate prostanoid levels. COX enzyme...

In Vitro Toxicity Research Solutions In vitro toxicity testing plays a critical role in drug development by enabling early and efficient identification of potential safety concerns, reducing reliance on animal testing, and supporting regulatory requirements for drug approval. In vitro toxicity testing plays a critical role in drug development by enabling early and efficient identification of potential safety concern...

IDO/TDO Pathway   BPS Bioscience is a trusted provider and manufacturer of IDO pathway reagents, assay kits, cell lines and services.  Cancer cells  use the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) pathways to suppress the host’s immune response in order to facilitate survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of malignant cells. IDO enzymes and IDO-related enzymes are active in many tumors, providing a direct defense against T cell attack. I...

CAR-T Cell Therapy Engineering T cells using a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to boost specific immune cell killing has made significant progress in the treatment of some cancer types. CAR-T cell therapy may also have potential benefits beyond cancer treatment, including treatments for infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, lupus, and arthritis. Companies are also investigating CAR-T cell therapy in organ transplantation to eliminate the n...

Immunotherapy Biochemical Screening Services Immunotherapy is a type of medical treatment that engages the body's immune system to fight diseases, such as cancer, infections, and autoimmune disorders. It works by either stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells or other disease-causing agents, or by using synthetic proteins or antibodies to target specific molecules on the surface of cancer cells or other pathogens. Immunotherapy has shown prom...

HVEM, LIGHT & BTLA: New Immunotherapy Target The checkpoint receptors  HVEM ,  LIGHT ,  CD160 , and  BTLA  are part of a complex network of overlapping receptor interactions that function in both immune stimulation and suppression 1 ,  2  .  This regulatory function has made them therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergies, and for improved methods of organ transplants.  While presenting opportunities for...

Targeting BCMA in Mutliple Myeloma Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is the second most commonly diagnosed blood cancer, after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Multiple myeloma is a cancer in which immortalized plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, causing severe pain, anemia, and kidney failure. Multiple myeloma was once considered universally fatal. Improved diagnostic methods and innovative treatments are improving patient outcomes. Still, nearly all patients eventually relapse a...

ADC and Antibody-Based Cancer Therapies Antibody-based therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and multi-specific T cell engager molecules, provide a targeted approach to treating cancers. Antibody-based therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and multi-specific T cell engager molecules, provide a targeted approach to treating cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, which are laboratory-produced molecules that bind to a specif...